Capital, vol 2 by Karl Marx

Author:Karl Marx
Language: pt
Format: mobi
Tags: non.fiction, economics
ISBN: 9780140445688
Publisher: Penguin Classics
Published: 1906-01-02T00:00:00+00:00

Table I

CAPITAL I

Periods of Turnover Working Periods Advance Periods of Circulation

I.1st-9th week 1st-4th ½ week £450 4th ½-9th week

II. 10th-18th " 10th-13th ½ " £450 13th ½-18th "

III. 19th-27th " 19th-22nd ½ " £450 22nd ½-27th "

IV. 28th-36th " 28th-31st ½ " £450 31st ½-36th "

V. 37th-45th " 37th-40th ½ " £450 40th ½-45th "

VI. 46th-[54th] 46th-49th ½ " £450 49th ½-[54th] "[31]

CAPITAL II

Periods of Turnover Working Periods Advance Periods of Circulation

I. 1st-9th week 4th ½-9th week £450 10th-13th ½ week

II. 10th-18th " 13th ½-18th " £450 19th-22nd ½ "

III. 19th-27th " 22nd ½-27th " £450 28th-31st ½ "

IV. 28th-36th " 31st ½-36th " £450 37th-40th ½ "

V. 37th-45th " 40th ½-45th " £450 46th-49th ½ "

VI. 46th-[54th] " 49th ½-[54th] " £450 [55th-58th ½] "

Within the 51 weeks which here stand for one year, capital I runs through six full working periods, producing 6 times 450, or £2,700 worth of commodities, and capital II producing in five full working periods 5 times £450, or £2,250 worth of commodities. In addition, capital II produced, within the last one and a half weeks of the year (middle of the 50th to the end of the 51st week), an extra £150 worth. The aggregate product in 51 weeks is worth £5,100. So far as the direct production of surplus-value is concerned, which takes place only during the working period, the aggregate capital of £900 would have been turned over 5⅔ times (5⅔ times 900 equals £5,100)). But if we consider the real turnover, capital I has been turned over 5⅔ times, since at the close of the 51st week it still has 3 weeks to go of its sixth period of turnover; 5⅔ times 450 makes £2,550; and capital II turned over 5 1/6 times, since it has completed only 1½ weeks of its sixth period of turnover, so that 7½ weeks of it run into the next year; 5 1/6 times 450 makes £2,325; real aggregate turnover: £4,875.

Let us consider capital I and capital II as two capitals wholly independent of one another. They are entirely independent in their movements; these movements complement one another merely because their working and circulating periods directly relieve one another. They may be regarded as two totally independent capitals belonging to different capitalists.

Capital I has completed five full turnovers and two-thirds of its sixth turnover period. At the end of the year it has the form of commodity-capital, which is three weeks short of its normal realisation. During this time it cannot enter into the process of production. It functions as commodity-capital, it circulates. It has completed only two-thirds of its last period of turnover. This is expressed as follows: It has been turned over only two-thirds of a time, only two-thirds of its total value have performed a complete turnover. We say that £450 complete their turnover in 9 weeks, hence £300 do in 6 weeks. But in this mode of expression the organic relations between the two specifically different components of the turnover time are ignored.

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